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A shoulder dislocation occurs when the upper arm bone (humerus) pops out of the shoulder socket (glenoid), causing instability and pain. The shoulder joint is highly mobile, making it more prone to dislocation compared to other joints in the body. Dislocations can be partial (subluxation) or complete, where the bone is entirely out of the socket.
A shoulder dislocation occurs when the upper arm bone (humerus) comes out of the shoulder socket (glenoid). It can be a partial dislocation (subluxation) or a complete dislocation where the bone is entirely out of the socket.
Common causes include falls, sports injuries (especially in contact sports like football, rugby, or basketball), accidents, and trauma. Overhead activities or repetitive strain on the shoulder can also increase the risk.
Symptoms include severe shoulder pain, visible deformity, inability to move the shoulder, swelling, bruising, and sometimes numbness or tingling in the arm or hand.
A doctor will perform a physical examination and may use imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRI, to confirm the dislocation and check for associated injuries like fractures or torn ligaments.
Treatment typically starts with a closed reduction, where the bone is manually repositioned into the socket. This may be followed by immobilization in a sling and a rehabilitation program. Surgery may be needed in cases of recurrent dislocations or significant damage to surrounding structures.
No, surgery is not always necessary. For first-time dislocations, non-surgical treatment with reduction, immobilization, and physiotherapy is often effective. Surgery is considered if there is damage to the ligaments or labrum or if the shoulder dislocates frequently.
